NI DOPING EFFECTS ON THE STRUCTURAL AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF CDS THIN FILMS FABRICATED BY SPRAY PYROLYSIS

Abstract

In this study, nickel-doped cadmium sulfide (CdS) thin films were produced using the spray pyrolysis technique. Nickel doping concentrations were adjusted to include undoped samples as well as 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5% ratios. The structural, optical, and morphological characteristics of the films were examined using techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These methods provided comprehensive insights into the films' properties. The XRD results indicated the crystalline nature and phase purity of the films, demonstrating that incorporation of nickel affected both the crystallite size and preferred orientation. UV-Vis spectroscopy was used to study the optical properties, with the bandgap energy shifting in response to varying nickel concentrations. SEM images provided information on surface morphology and grain size changes, offering insights into how doping affects film quality. These findings demonstrate the potential of nickel doping in modifying the characteristics of CdS thin films for optoelectronic operations.