Synchronous and Asynchronous Magnetic Couplings: A Comparative Study on Operating Principles, Advantages, and Industrial Applications

Abstract

Magnetic couplings are innovative mechanical connection devices that facilitate torque transmission between shafts or axles without physical contact. This study examines two primary types of magnetic couplings: synchronous and asynchronous. Synchronous couplings, often made from rare earth magnets, enable torque transmission through mutual attraction and repulsion forces, offering high efficiency and robust torque capacity. Asynchronous couplings, including eddy-current and hysteresis couplings, utilize differences in rotor speeds to achieve torque transmission. Eddy-current couplings operate by inducing eddy currents in a conductive disc, whereas hysteresis couplings employ the energy storage capacity of semi-hard magnetic materials. This paper discusses and compares the advantages, disadvantages, and potential application areas of each coupling type. Additionally, it evaluates the applicability of synchronous and asynchronous couplings in various industrial and commercial applications, considering factors such as cost-effectiveness and system compatibility, to establish selection criteria. This study aims to provide engineers and designers with critical information to assist in the selection of suitable magnetic couplings.